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Magical Treatise of Solomon : ウィキペディア英語版
Magical Treatise of Solomon

The ''Magical Treatise of Solomon'',〔''The Magical Treatise of Solomon, or Hygromanteia''; Trans. & Ed. Ioannis Marathakis, Fore. Stephen Skinner; Golden Hoard Press, 2011.〕〔''Solomon, the Esoteric King: From King to Magus, Development of a Tradition''; by Pablo A. Torijano, Brill, Jan 2002; pp. 151–175, 209–224, and 231-309〕〔''The Hygromancy of Solomon: A new translation and introduction'' by Pablo A. Torijano; pp. 305–325 in ''Old Testament Pseudepigrapha: More Noncanonical Scriptures, Volume 1''; ed.s Richard Bauckham, James R. Davila, Alexander Panayotov; Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2013〕〔''A Source of The Key of Solomon - The Magic Treatise or Hygromacy, or Epistle to Rehoboam'' by Ioannis Marathakis, pp. 108–120 in Occult Traditions, ed. Damon Zacharias Lycourinos〕〔''From Roots to Fruits - A History of the Grimoire Tradition'' by David Rankine, pp. 93–109 in Lycourinos.〕 sometimes known as ''Hygromanteia'' () or ''Hygromancy of Solomon'', the ''Solomonikê''〔Rankine, pp. 98–100 in Lycourinos.〕 (Σολομωνική), or even ''Little Key of the Whole Art of Hygromancy, Found by Several Craftsmen and by the Holy Prophet Solomon'',〔''Grimoires'', by Owen Davies, Oxford UP, 2010; p. 15. Also, Marathakis, Golden Horde, p. 34.〕 refers to a group of similar late Byzantine-era〔Torijano, Brill, p. 174〕 grimoires purporting to contain Solomon's instructions to his son Rehoboam on various magical techniques and tools to summon and control different spirits, those spirits' powers, astrological beliefs, select charms, different means of divination, and the magical uses of herbs.
== History and influence ==
The oldest manuscripts are from the fourteenth century, and the majority from the fifteenth century, but Pablo A. Torijano's claim that it is based on material going as far back as the sixth century is either accepted〔 or at least regarded as plausible. Ioannis Marathakis, while not denying the possibility of Torijano's theory, suggests that some time between the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries is more likely.〔Marathakis, Golden Horde, p. 75〕 ''The Magical Treatise of Solomon'' served as a bridge between the Roman-era ''Testament of Solomon'' and the renaissance ''Key of Solomon''.〔Marathakis and Skinner, ''Golden Horde'', pp. 12–14, 85〕 Early copies of the ''Magical Treatise'' were appended to or incorporated elements of the ''Testament of Solomon'',〔Marathakis, ''Golden Horde'', pp. 18, 20, 74〕〔Torijano, Brill, pp. 58, 170-171〕 while one of the earliest manuscripts of the ''Key of Solomon'' is also classified as a late copy of the ''Magical Treatise''.〔(Introduction by Joseph H. Peterson to ''The Key of Solomon (Clavicula Salomonis)'', Esoteric Archives, 1999, 2004, 2005 ).〕 Some manuscripts featured demons assigned to the four cardinal directions, distinct from those found in ''the Lesser Key of Solomon'' and related works, but very similar to those found in later works such as the ''Grand Grimoire'' and ''Grimoirium Verum''.〔Skinner, in Marathakis, ''Golden Horde'', p. 13〕〔Marathakis, ''Golden Horde'', pp. 74–75〕 Portions of the ''Treatise'' also have some relationship to the ''Heptameron'' of Pietro d'Abano, ''the Lesser Key of Solomon'', and ''the Sworn Book of Honorius'';〔Marathakis, ''Golden Horde'', p. 92〕 and select ideas may bear distant relationships to ''the Book of Abramelin'',〔Marathakis, Golden Horde, p. 100〕〔 the ''Greek Magical Papyri'' (particularly "The Sword of Dardanus"), ''Sefer Raziel HaMalakh'', ''Sepher Ha-Razim'', ''the Sword of Moses'',〔Torijano, Brill, pp. 215–216〕 and the ''Cyranides''〔Marathakis, Brill, p. 23〕

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